1.    (a)    The shadow is clockwise
       (b)    The shadow is counterclockwise

2.    The place is 110 - 70 that is 40 degrees west.  40 degrees is 2 hours and 40 minutes behind.  So the time will be       10:20 P.M. on October 15.

3.    The nearest multiple of 15 for 118 is 120, and that for 140 is 135.  So Los Angeles is 8 hours behind Greenwich and Tokyo is 9 hours ahead.  That is a total of 17 hours ahead.  So Tokyo time will be 3 A.M. on February 23.